Diagnosis usually starts with a clinical examination, followed by imaging techniques like ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. A fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) may be performed to determine whether the tumour is benign or malignant.

Not always. Benign tumours may be monitored if they are small and not causing symptoms. However, malignant tumours usually require surgical removal. Even benign tumours may be surgically removed if they grow large or cause discomfort.

Symptoms depend on the type and location of the tumour. Common signs include:

• A painless lump near the jaw, ear, or neck

• Swelling or tenderness in the salivary gland

• Difficulty swallowing or speaking (if the tumour is large)

• Facial nerve weakness or paralysis (in cases of malignant tumours)

No, salivary gland stones (sialoliths) do not cause tumours, but they can lead to chronic gland enlargement and infection. Repeated infections may increase the risk of gland dysfunction, but they do not directly lead to tumour formation.

Salivary gland surgery is generally safe, but it requires precision to protect important structures like the facial nerve. Risks include:

• Temporary or permanent facial weakness (if the nerve is affected)

• Scarring and swelling

• Infection or bleeding (rare)

• Salivary fistula (a leakage of saliva from the surgical site)